Treatment and prevention

Treatment and prevention

•The amoebic dysentery can be treated by prescription of metronidazole, secnidazole, tinidazole. Advanced Liver abscesses may require surgery.

Prevention

•Drink only bottled water or water that has been boiled for at least one minute.

•Do not eat fresh fruit or vegetables that you do not peel yourself.

•Do not eat or drink unpasteurized milk, cheese, or dairy products.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis

•Three stool samples should be done in the laboratory to confirm the presence of Entamoeba histolytica.

•In some cases require liver shoot with TAC, or parasite DNA detection by PCR or serology with detection of specific antibodies.

Complications

Complications

•Extraintestinal Injury

 -Pulmonary Location: Usually caused by contiguity of liver lesions. It is characterized by necrosis of the lung parenchyma with possible secondary bacterial infection.

  -Location on the skin: skin ulcers Causing, seeing more often in the perianal, penial and abdominal wall.

  -Cerebral Location: Caused by blood spread. It is a very rare complication.

  -Liver abscess.

Symptoms

Symptoms

It is observed from 7 to 28 days after exposure to the parasite:

Common Symptoms

   •Weight loss

   •Anemia

   •Indigestion

   •Violent diarrhea

   •Dehydration

Unrelated Symptoms

   •Fever

   •Chills

   •Pain in the upper right 

    portion of the abdomen

   •Nausea and vomiting

   •Hepatomegaly

Mode of transmission

Mode of transmission

•Is transmitted through contaminated food and water.

•Amoebae spread by forming infective cysts which can be found in stools, and spread if whoever touches them does not sanitize their hands.

• Transmission may also occur through fecal exposure during sexual contact.

Pathogenic Action

Pathogenic Action

•Intestinal Injury

•It mainly occurs in any part of the colon (cecum, sigmoid colon, rectum, etc..)

•Once across the intestinal epithelium layer penetrates the muscularis mucosae.

•The resulting inflammatory response produce nodules

     progress to ulcers.

Evolutive Cycle

Evolutive  Cycle

1.Ingestion of mature cysts in food, water or hands contaminated with feces.

2.The excystation occurs in the small intestine.

3.The trophozoites are released and migrate to the colon.

4.Trophozoites reproduce by binary fission and produce cysts that are eliminated with the feces.